Conduit BendingFor electricians and apprentices
Conduit bending calculator
Type what your tape reads, get the marks: offsets, 90° stubs, 3-point saddles, back-to-back 90s and kicks below, with NEC fill, charts and guides further down. Worked out the way the numbers on your bender are.
- Free, no sign-up
- Results to the nearest 1/16"
- Hand-bender layouts for EMT
- Updated 2026-10-23
Offset calculator
Common field multipliers6" × 2.0 = 12" between marks (field multiplier). Add 1-1/2" of estimated shrink when the offset must be finished at a fixed point ahead of you.
Field-constant estimate shown to the nearest 1/16", not 1/16" accuracy; it is not corrected for your shoe's radius, marks or clearance.
The app corrects these marks for the radius of the shoe you select or enter, draws the offset with the hook direction, and saves the job.
See it in the Android app →Layout values: sticker multipliers and typical take-ups; check them against your own bender, on scrap first. Method and sources.
Calculators
What are you bending?
Bend spacing and estimated shrink for six common offset angles, 10° to 60°.
Calculate →90° Stub-Up calculatorArrow mark for a target stub height, using your bender’s take-up.
Calculate →3-Point Saddle calculatorCenter mark shift and outer marks to hop over a pipe.
Calculate →Back-to-Back 90s calculatorStar-point and arrow marks for a target U width, using your bender’s references.
Calculate →Kick calculatorTravel and shrink for a single bend, or the angle from rise and run.
Calculate →Conduit Fill calculatorNEC Chapter 9 fill percentage for EMT, IMC, rigid, PVC and flex.
Calculate →More calculators: 4-Point Saddle calculator · Parallel Offsets calculator · Shrink calculator · Rolling Offset calculator · Segmented 90 calculator · 360° Bend Counter · Kick 90 calculator · Box Fill calculator
Charts
The numbers on your bender, in one place
Common hand-bender multipliers, approximate field shrink allowances and manufacturer take-up values in one place. Open the bending chart to compare the field constants with the exact trigonometric values.
| Angle | Multiplier | Shrink per inch |
|---|---|---|
| 10° offset | 6.0 | 1/16" |
| 15° | 3.9 | 1/8" |
| 22.5° offset | 2.6 | 3/16" |
| 30° offset | 2.0 | 1/4" |
| 45° offset | 1.4 | 3/8" |
| 60° offset | 1.2 | 1/2" |
Multipliers, shrink per inch and a ready-made offset table from 1" to 24".
Open chart →Bender Take-Up ChartTake-up (deduct), gain and radius for EMT and rigid hand benders.
Open chart →1/2" EMT Chart1/2" EMT: 5" take-up, stub marks, back-to-back marks, cut lengths and wire fill.
Open chart →Conduit Fill ChartMaximum THHN, XHHW and THW wires per trade size for EMT, PVC and rigid.
Open chart →More charts: 3/4" EMT Chart · 1" EMT Chart · 1-1/4" EMT Chart · Concentric Bend Chart · 10° Offset · 22.5° Offset · 30° Offset · 45° Offset · 60° Offset · Conduit Sizes Chart
Guides
Learn it once, bend it right every time
A complete hand-bender guide from the first 90 to saddles, with the marks for each.
Read →Exam Questions, WorkedApprentice exam bending questions with the answer and the math for each.
Read →Conduit Bending FormulasEvery formula behind offsets, saddles, 90s and kicks, with where each number comes from.
Read →Practice Test20 apprentice-level bending questions with answers and explanations.
Read →More guides: How to Bend PVC · How to Bend Rigid & IMC · Box Offset · Reading Bender Marks · Measure Your Take-Up · Dog Legs · Over- and Under-Bends · Around Corners & Beams · Bending Apps Compared · Conduit Bending Terms
NEC and wiring
How many wires, how far apart the straps, how big the box
How many wires fit in 3/4" EMT, and how many 20 A circuits you can really pull.
Open →4x4 Box Wire CountHow many wires a 4" square (1900) box holds, shallow and deep, with devices, clamps and grounds.
Open →Strap & Support SpacingNEC strap distance from boxes and between supports for EMT, rigid, IMC, PVC and flex.
Open →Pull Box SizeNEC 314.28 minimum pull box dimensions for straight, angle and U pulls.
Open →More: 1/2" EMT Wire Count · 1" EMT Wire Count · 1-1/4" EMT Wire Count · 1-1/2" EMT Wire Count · 2" EMT Wire Count · Single-Gang Box Wire Count · Minimum Bend Radius · PVC Expansion
Exam prep, worked problems: Segmented Bend Problems · Rolling Offset Problems · Concentric Bend Problems · Conduit Fill Problems · Box Fill Problems
Android app
On the job, it's all in your pocket
The website does the everyday math. The app does the whole bend: marks from the end of the stick, corrected for the shoe you are holding, with a drawing of which way the hook faces, and it works in a basement with no signal.
Questions electricians ask
How do you calculate a conduit offset?
The gap between the two bend marks is the offset depth times the multiplier for your angle: 2 at 30°, 1.4 at 45°, 2.6 at 22.5°, 6 at 10°. So a 6" offset at 30° has marks 12" apart. Shrink (about 1/4" per inch of depth at 30°) only shifts the marks when the offset has to be complete by a fixed point; enter that point in the calculator and check the marks against your bender.
What is the take-up on a 1/2" EMT bender?
A common 1/2" EMT hand-bender take-up (deduct) is 5", the figure in Klein’s bender guides; the number on your own shoe wins if it differs. A 12" stub therefore gets its arrow mark 7" from the end. Klein lists 6" for 3/4", 8" for 1" and 11" for 1-1/4" EMT.
What angles are used for a 3-point saddle?
One center bend and two outer bends at half its angle. The usual choice is 45° in the middle and 22.5° outside: outer marks sit 2.5 times the depth from the center mark, and the center mark shifts 3/16" for every inch of depth. A 60°/30° saddle uses 2 times the depth and 1/4" per inch instead. The middle bend goes on the center-of-bend reference, the outer bends on the reference your bender’s maker specifies.
How many bends are allowed in a conduit run?
At most 360° in total between pull points. For EMT that rule is 358.24(B) in the 2023 NEC (358.26 in 2020), and the 2026 edition adds 300.24 for runs mixing raceway types. Four 90s use it all; two 30° offsets (120°) plus two 90s (180°) leave 60°. Past that, add a pull box.
Is there a conduit bending app?
Yes. Conduit Bending Calculator for Android does every bend on this site and more: marks from the end of the pipe, corrected for your bender shoe, rolling, parallel and matching offsets, compound 90s, guide mode, saved jobs and NEC fill, fully offline.
Every bend. Marks from the end. Offline.
- 14 bend types, including rolling, parallel and matching offsets and compound 90s
- Corrected for your bender shoe, or the sticker numbers your crew uses
- Guide mode, saved jobs, PDF bend sheets, NEC conduit and box fill
Android only. There is no iPhone version yet; the free calculators on this site work on any phone.
$7.99 one time · no subscription · no ads · works offline