By Blissom · Updated 2026-10-23
Layout values: check them against your own bender, on scrap first.
Offset multipliers and shrink per inch
| Angle | Multiplier | Exact csc θ | Shrink / inch | Exact tan(θ/2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10° | 6.0 | 5.759 | 1/16" | 0.087 |
| 15° | 3.9 | 3.864 | 1/8" | 0.132 |
| 22.5° | 2.6 | 2.613 | 3/16" | 0.199 |
| 30° | 2.0 | 2.000 | 1/4" | 0.268 |
| 45° | 1.4 | 1.414 | 3/8" | 0.414 |
| 60° | 1.2 | 1.155 | 1/2" | 0.577 |
Distance between bends = depth × multiplier. Shrink = depth × shrink per inch. Details in the offset calculator and the formulas.
Offset table: distance between bends / shrink
| Depth | 10° | 22.5° | 30° | 45° | 60° |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/2" | 3" / 1/16" | 1-5/16" / 1/8" | 1" / 1/8" | 11/16" / 3/16" | 5/8" / 1/4" |
| 1" | 6" / 1/16" | 2-5/8" / 3/16" | 2" / 1/4" | 1-3/8" / 3/8" | 1-3/16" / 1/2" |
| 1-1/2" | 9" / 1/8" | 3-7/8" / 5/16" | 3" / 3/8" | 2-1/8" / 9/16" | 1-13/16" / 3/4" |
| 2" | 12" / 1/8" | 5-3/16" / 3/8" | 4" / 1/2" | 2-13/16" / 3/4" | 2-3/8" / 1" |
| 2-1/2" | 15" / 3/16" | 6-1/2" / 1/2" | 5" / 5/8" | 3-1/2" / 15/16" | 3" / 1-1/4" |
| 3" | 18" / 3/16" | 7-13/16" / 9/16" | 6" / 3/4" | 4-3/16" / 1-1/8" | 3-5/8" / 1-1/2" |
| 3-1/2" | 21" / 1/4" | 9-1/8" / 11/16" | 7" / 7/8" | 4-7/8" / 1-5/16" | 4-3/16" / 1-3/4" |
| 4" | 24" / 1/4" | 10-3/8" / 3/4" | 8" / 1" | 5-5/8" / 1-1/2" | 4-13/16" / 2" |
| 4-1/2" | 27" / 5/16" | 11-11/16" / 7/8" | 9" / 1-1/8" | 6-5/16" / 1-11/16" | 5-3/8" / 2-1/4" |
| 5" | 30" / 5/16" | 13" / 15/16" | 10" / 1-1/4" | 7" / 1-7/8" | 6" / 2-1/2" |
| 5-1/2" | 33" / 3/8" | 14-5/16" / 1-1/16" | 11" / 1-3/8" | 7-11/16" / 2-1/16" | 6-5/8" / 2-3/4" |
| 6" | 36" / 3/8" | 15-5/8" / 1-1/8" | 12" / 1-1/2" | 8-3/8" / 2-1/4" | 7-3/16" / 3" |
| 7" | 42" / 7/16" | 18-3/16" / 1-5/16" | 14" / 1-3/4" | 9-13/16" / 2-5/8" | 8-3/8" / 3-1/2" |
| 8" | 48" / 1/2" | 20-13/16" / 1-1/2" | 16" / 2" | 11-3/16" / 3" | 9-5/8" / 4" |
| 9" | 54" / 9/16" | 23-3/8" / 1-11/16" | 18" / 2-1/4" | 12-5/8" / 3-3/8" | 10-13/16" / 4-1/2" |
| 10" | 60" / 5/8" | 26" / 1-7/8" | 20" / 2-1/2" | 14" / 3-3/4" | 12" / 5" |
| 11" | 66" / 11/16" | 28-5/8" / 2-1/16" | 22" / 2-3/4" | 15-3/8" / 4-1/8" | 13-3/16" / 5-1/2" |
| 12" | 72" / 3/4" | 31-3/16" / 2-1/4" | 24" / 3" | 16-13/16" / 4-1/2" | 14-3/8" / 6" |
| 14" | 84" / 7/8" | 36-3/8" / 2-5/8" | 28" / 3-1/2" | 19-5/8" / 5-1/4" | 16-13/16" / 7" |
| 16" | 96" / 1" | 41-5/8" / 3" | 32" / 4" | 22-3/8" / 6" | 19-3/16" / 8" |
| 18" | 108" / 1-1/8" | 46-13/16" / 3-3/8" | 36" / 4-1/2" | 25-3/16" / 6-3/4" | 21-5/8" / 9" |
| 20" | 120" / 1-1/4" | 52" / 3-3/4" | 40" / 5" | 28" / 7-1/2" | 24" / 10" |
| 22" | 132" / 1-3/8" | 57-3/16" / 4-1/8" | 44" / 5-1/2" | 30-13/16" / 8-1/4" | 26-3/8" / 11" |
| 24" | 144" / 1-1/2" | 62-3/8" / 4-1/2" | 48" / 6" | 33-5/8" / 9" | 28-13/16" / 12" |
Values use the trade multipliers and shrink per inch printed on hand benders, not exact trigonometry, and each result is rounded to the nearest 1/16". The trade constants are field approximations, not roundings of the ideal sharp-corner values: shrink at 45° is 3/8" per inch against 0.414", and the 10° multiplier is 6 against 5.759. The gap grows with depth (almost 1" of shrink on a 24" offset at 45°, and 2-7/16" of spacing on a 10" offset at 10°), and a real bend on a shoe differs again, so check deep offsets against your bender.
Worked example: reading the chart for a 7" offset
A 7" offset has to fit in a short run, so you try 22.5°. Read across the 7" row to the 22.5° column: 18-3/16" between bends and 1-5/16" of shrink. If that is too long, the 30° column gives 14" and 1-3/4": closer marks and more shrink, and 15° more of the 360° limit for the pair.
3-point saddle constants
| Center / outer | Center to each outer mark | Move center mark (shrink) |
|---|---|---|
| 45° / 22.5° | depth × 2.5 | 3/16" per inch |
| 60° / 30° | depth × 2.0 | 1/4" per inch |
Take-up (deduct) by bender size
| EMT bender | Take-up | Rigid on the same shoe (if rated) |
|---|---|---|
| 1/2" EMT chart | 5" | — |
| 3/4" EMT chart | 6" | 1/2" |
| 1" EMT chart | 8" | 3/4" |
| 1-1/4" EMT chart | 11" | 1" |
Take-ups are the values in Klein's bender guides; other makers and models can differ, so use the number on your own shoe. Each size links to its own chart with stub-up and back-to-back marks, cut lengths and wire counts. Gain, setback and radius for every shoe side by side are on the bender deduct chart.
Printing this chart
Use your browser's print command: the menus, buttons and sidebar drop out and the tables print on their own. Tape a copy inside the gang box lid or the bender bucket.
Sources: NEC 2023 358.24 and Chapter 9, Table 2; Klein Tools Conduit Bender Guide (stub take-up, offset multipliers and shrink, saddles). Method.
Questions electricians ask
What is the conduit bending multiplier for 22.5 degrees?
The multiplier for 22.5° is 2.6 (exact value 2.613). Multiply the offset depth by 2.6 for the distance between bends; shrink is 3/16" per inch of depth.
What is the shrink for a 10 degree offset?
About 1/16" per inch of depth. The multiplier is 6, so 10° offsets are long and shallow: a 1" offset needs marks 6" apart and shrinks 1/16".
Why are the chart values different from the exact math?
The chart uses the field constants from bender guides, which are convenient approximations rather than plain roundings: 10° uses 6 where 1 ÷ sin 10° is 5.759. The ideal values are 1 ÷ sin(angle) for the multiplier and tan(angle ÷ 2) for shrink. The difference grows with depth and is largest at 10°, about 2-7/16" of spacing on a 10" offset, so use the calculator or your bender’s own guide for deep or tight work.
The chart, worked out for you
- Type the depth, get both marks from the end of the pipe
- Any angle, not just the five on the chart
- Corrected for the radius of your shoe
- Offline in the basement, the tunnel and the plant
Android only. There is no iPhone version yet; the free calculators on this site work on any phone.
$7.99 one time · no subscription · no ads · works offline